Major problems and issues of an organization analyzed through a case Essay

Major problems and issues of an organization analyzed through a case study - Essay Example The two thus form a good case study through which the major problems that face organizations can be studied. An in-depth analysis of the companies will be undertaken through a brief background on the two in the movie rental market followed by diagnosis of their situations. A competitive and performance analysis will then be undertaken with recommendations on the way forward being generated. Netflix was started in 1997 by Reed Hastings and 10 years later had already taken over market leadership in movie rental services. Figures such as $1.2 billion in revenues, 100,000 movies in their catalogue and 7 million subscribers are quite enviable in the market. The main source of their dominance has been pioneering online movie renting through subscriptions (Thompson, Strickland and Gamble). Blockbuster on the other hand enjoyed early market domination since its inception in 1985 by David Cook (Blockbuster.com 2009). Its main source of advantage was availing movies at a much cheaper rental rates through negotiating deals with the major film studios thus reducing its rates to even just a tenth of competitors’. Blockbuster’s competitive advantage was nullified by Netflix’s focus on internet adoption. The two firms are still competing in a highly competitive market as stated by Netflix Inc. (6). Diagnosis of Netflix’s and Blockbuster’s Competitive Situations. Netflix is at the moment the market leader but is facing cutthroat competition from a resurgent Blockbuster which re-strategized and started slicing Netflix’s market share to an extent that forced the later to reduce its subscription fees leading to drop in its stock prices from panic. Other competition is also being felt from other albeit smaller rivals such as Redbox. Netflix (6) is also in recognition that the movie rental market is subject to drastic and rapid changes since

The Cold War in Europe Essay Example for Free

The Cold War in Europe Essay How far do you agree that the Cold War in Europe broke out because Soviet and Western leaders misinterpreted each others words and actions? The Cold War broke out in 1945 (although some have argued other years) with the Yalta and Potsdam Conferences. They were held to discuss what was to be done with the peace of Europe and how to rebuild the damage that had been caused. It was at these meetings that the Americans and Russians slowly began to mistrust one another, even though they were previously war-time allies. During the Potsdam Conference in July/August of 1945, America declared that they had tested the first Atomic Bomb (which President Harry Truman referred to as the greatest thing in history). Stalin was suspicious as to why America had not told him previously, and after this, relations spiraled down rapidly. But it was at this time that Americas suspicions of the USSR were beginning to settle in and it was Harry Truman who later said that unless Russia is faced with an iron fist and strong language another war is in the making Their first misinterpretation was over the issue of Poland and what was to happen to it now that the war was over. Russia had been attacked through this country on numerous occasions, including World War 1 and 2 and had lost approximately 25 million people, 700 towns destroyed and their steel industry cut by half. They were keen to dominate and occupy most of the land in order to prevent any further attacks through this country. On the other hand, Britain had gone to war over Poland and was keen for it to remain independent. Also, there was a Polish Government who had been forced into exile at the beginning of the war and Britain was now keen for them to return to power. As for America, they became extremely suspicious of Russias plans and believed that Russia merely wanted to spread Communism. Unlike at the end of World War 1, they were determined not to appease Stalin as Britain had done with Hitler. It should be remembered that they did have the right to believe that Stalin only had the intentions of spreading communism through the quotation of Karl Marx. He declared that We are living not merely in a state, but in a system of states and its inconceivable that the Soviet Republic should continue to exist for a long period side-by-side with imperialist states. The Warsaw Pact and Marshall Aid are other examples of how the two great powers misunderstood each other, thus causing a start of the Cold War. Western suspicions rose to a height when Stalin refused to allow Marshall Aid to be distributed to Soviet-occupied countries. As a result, the Warsaw Pact was created in retaliation. It could have actually been an attack towards the West, or Stalin trying to hold together his buffer states and prevent them from turning to Capitalism. There are some smaller matters that show that the Cold War was the result of misunderstandings. For example, the Long Telegram, this was written by George Kennan in February 1946. George Kennan was the USAs Deputy Chief of Mission to the US Embassy in Moscow and in a telegram he declared that the Soviets were aggressive and suspicious and only a hard-line approach would contain Communism. It declared that world communism is like a malignant parasite that feeds on diseased tissue. It [the USSR] does not take unnecessary risks. Impervious to the logic of reason. It is highly sensitive to the logic of force thus, if the adversary [the USA] has sufficient force and makes clear his readiness to use it, he rarely has to do so. Taking this evidence from the eyes of a Revolutionist thinker, it can be said that George Kennan was rash and presumed this with little prior knowledge. But there were other factors which led to the beginning of the Cold War. People such as Vojtech Mastny have accused Stalin as being the sole man to cause the Cold War. He regarded Stalins foreign policy in Eastern Europe as the cause of the Cold War. His Red Army liberated land, therefore claiming it to be theirs. To the USA, this looked aggressive and a determined effort at spreading World Communism. The Berlin Blockade was the first direct attack on the West from the Soviet Union. It started when Berlin was divided into 4 parts and these 3 parts that belonged to the West were surrounded by Soviet territory. This upset and frightened Stalin as he believed that they would influence his Eastern Berlin and Germany. In rebellion, he closed of all the main routes by land, sea and road that lead into West Berlin. In response to this, America began to send in 450 aeroplanes of food and other supplies each day in order to prevent West Berlin from collapse. The America viewed all of this as a first attack on them and so serious action was necessary. But, although it may have seemed like the Soviets wanted to starve all the West Berliners to death, he probably wanted to prevent the emergence of a separate West German state under US influence (West Berlin was improving its economy greatly and the currency had even been changed). In response to all of this, America created NATO, which was a military alliance aimed against further Soviet aggression. And so, although it was seen as the first attack, there are also underlying misunderstandings to be considered. Some other explanations include the fact that it was simply inevitable. The end of the war left a power-vacuum in which countries such as Eastern Europe and Germany sucked the Powers in and so aggression would naturally occur. Louis Halle, the author of The Cold War as History once stated that the decision to eliminate German power from Europe rather than make peace was the basic cause of the Cold War. The collapse of the Grand Alliance can also have been seen as inevitable. During the Yalta Conference, the war-time allies spoke and they all generally agreed on matters. But by the time the Potsdam Conference came a few months later, Roosevelt had died and been replaced with Harry Truman and Winston Churchill had been replaced with George Atlee. Only Stalin remained and this meant that neither of the other powers really knew him. They became suspicious quickly and disliked everything he did. It can be said that as a result of all of this, the Grand Alliance was destined to collapse and then after that tensions rose and the Cold War began. Another reason can be seen in the Commonwealth and other such countries that were occupied by the Powers, only in this case it was Britain, France and Portugal who suffered the power-vacuum. Many of these countries had been promised independence if they fought with their occupying country and now that the war was over they were independent and left vulnerable to Communism. The Soviet Union would naturally spread into these countries and as a result, the USA would become suspicious of the Soviet Union. Also the fact that all the countries had suffered badly during the war (with the exception of America, whos industry had doubled) meant that they were all desperate to regain their reputation in World Status and so felt that by gaining land would they become more powerful. And so, with many of the countries trying to rebuild their prestige, arguments and suspicion would naturally arise. The USSR had also just become a World Leader and after many years of shying away, they felt that they needed to exert their power, although this could be a much debated view and one usually take by a Traditionalist thinker. There has been much debate over who really started the Cold War. A traditionalist thinker would say that it was the doings of the Soviet Union, whereas a Revolutionist would say that America was to blame and finally a Post-Revolutionist would say that it was the work of both Powers. A traditionalist would argue that Russia only had plans to spread Communism in an aggressive manner and Britain and the USA were only trying to be defensive. On the other hand, a Revolutionist would assert that it was the Americans who were all to blame and that they were aggressive even before the start of the Second World War. And so in conclusion, I would say that the Cold War was a result of mainly misunderstandings but it should be remembered that there were many other reasons as to why the USA and the USSR became so suspicious of each other, for example, the fact that there was a huge power-vacuum both around the world and in Europe and the Berlin Blockade of 1948.

A Social Injustice: the effects of social inequalities in foster care a

As an adult, people that I encounter in my everyday life often wonder how I got to be the person that I am today – an understanding, open-minded individual who does not look down upon anyone that is less fortunate than I am and who does not look to â€Å"more† fortunate individuals as role models. When I am asked how I got to be so understanding, I answer giving credit to my parents’ value system they instilled in me as well as acknowledging their duties as public servants in the City of New York. My father was a police officer who worked in a number of precincts in some of the worst, crime ridden areas of Brooklyn and my mother worked for the Department of Social Services in Child Welfare and the Bureau of Public Assistance, initially as a case-worker, in Brooklyn as well. It was because of their experiences in the â€Å"field† and interacting with those less fortunate then we were that I gained a certain level of knowledge and understanding of the unfor tunate mishaps of people of my culture and the inequalities inflicted upon the black community. Yet the most influential aspects of my knowledge came from the exposure my mother had through working for the City of New York’s child welfare system and the unfair treatments that her clients endured. As a result I will discuss the affects of social, economic and racial inequalities suffered by her clients and the impact it has had on their children’s education. During my studies in this class, we have discussed many issues in society that affects children apart of education systems across America. After reading through our assigned texts so far, I have had time to reflect upon and add to the opinions discussed in class as far as access, gender, opportunity and particularly inequalities in today’s society and how they affect our children today. The main text that influenced most of my opinions so far is David Nasaw’s book â€Å"Schooled to Order† – which discusses the history of the public school system here in America. As shown through my reaction papers and discussions in class, I felt Nasaw’s theories and opinions were reflective of the elitist, biased and prejudiced attitudes towards the working poor. I believed that people in our society today believe that unless you come from a certain lineage, pedigree, or mass amounts of money that the individual lacks a certain level of class and therefore would no t be successful adul... ...y own observance, many of these children learn from an early age to give up hope in growing up to improve their lives through education, and sometimes do not want to strive to achieve better. My mother and I both agree that until racial, economic and social inequalities are put into balance, that this city as well as many other areas around the country minority citizens will seem to always struggle and suffer from unfair treatments. She said that it is no coincidence that most of the city’s worst schools, hospitals, and emergency services seem to largely be in heavily minority populated areas and she feels that the biggest inequality in New York is race. Admittedly, this paper has been the most difficult for me to prepare in that of the topics we discussed in class, I feel that inequalities is the main category for society’s problems in which it incorporates accessibility, opportunity, gender, and mostly race. Our education system has been set-up mainly to separate the elite from the masses, and the fact that blacks have been apart of this country’s history, unfortunately have always been the last on the social list and I believe that until it changes, they will remain that way.

Society Is Corrupt And Wisdom And Goodness

>Immediately the audience learns that despite it being against their fathers will, and despite Orlando being deserving of it, Oliver deprives him of his right to be a gentleman â€Å"mines my gentility with my education† to the extent that even Oliver's â€Å"horses are bred better. This comparison reveals the brutality of his brother, who lives in an urban-town setting, thus highlighting his greed for power along with the depth Of the anger and new he feels towards Orlando.Shakespeare has entwined three of the deadly sins: greed, anger and envy in his play, primarily in the first act, not only because the deadly sins are conventionally used in dramatic comedy but also because they widely reflect the corruption of society. In comedy we often see society's customs exposed as foolish, and thus corrupt. An example f this is the idea of inheritance. It is made obvious that Orlando is the more deserving brother to gain his father's inheritance, as even Oliver admits he is â€Å"f ull of noble devise†.However Oliver, who unintentionally reflects himself as â€Å"an envious emulator of every man's good parts† when attempting to describe Orlando to Charles, has dangerously inherited power despite this. Society customs effect everybody. This is not problematic if the outcome is beneficial, however if the custom is negative an individual alone is not affected but a society as a whole. When the sibling rivalry between the Dukes lead to the encashment of Duke Senior and the new ruling of Duke Frederick, everyone he now rules over in court suffers from his moody and suspicious nature â€Å"Thou art thy father's daughter, there's enough. Those who serve him fear him rather than love him. It is apparent that such customs as ruling and leadership are unfair, as Frederick has not proven fit for such a title as ‘Duke'. The unfairness seen here reflects the corruption of society. The character of Touchstone, regardless of the fact he is a ‘fool', has ironically been constructed by Shakespeare to outwit the majority of characters and much of is speech can be seen as surprisingly sensible. Many of the audience are accustomed to the ways of society and therefore find difficulty in noticing or identifying issues with it.Touchstone is often used to manipulate the audience into questioning such traits. This is seen when he raises the awareness that â€Å"fools may not speak wisely what wise men do foolishly†, insinuating that although he is a fool- meaning that he is employed to expand his speech to that of a sarcastic and mocking nature- he is also restricted and therefore lacks freedom of speech also, â€Å"Speak no more of him†. Those in the audience deemed unimportant in society would have faced severe punishments for speaking out of turn, like Touchstone who is threatened by Roseland ‘You'll be whipped for taxation† when he goes too far in offence to her father.The lack of freedom in speech highligh ts the inequalities between the classes in society, as only those deemed important could speak their mind. Therefore, as it is so unequal and lacks freedom, it can be argued that society is court opt. However, despite his criticisms of society over the duration of the play Touchstone is often seen defending court life, including hen he first enters the Forest of Arden and states â€Å"at home I was in a better place†.This suggests that society may not be as entirely corrupt as first thought, otherwise Touchstone, who has consistently held truth in his words, would find no difficulty in preferring the Forest of Arden. It is also apparent that society is not completely corrupt, otherwise it is unlikely it would be possible for Roseland and Orlando to meet in town yet experience the genuine love they feel towards each other in Act 1 , â€Å"love him†. Love itself if not at all associated with negativity or corruption and as many individuals in society fall in love it woul d be unfair to say that all aspects of society are corrupt.Nature in ‘As You Like It' is seen primarily through the location Of the Forest of Arden. Nature is often associated with positivist, including goodness and wisdom â€Å"woods more free from peril†. Shakespearean play has largely conformed to this association. Indirectly, Shakespeare has compared the Forest of Arden to the Garden of Eden. Not only are these two natural, rural locations related through the fact that they share a similar sound, but they are both based on fantasy and mythology, containing creatures and lands of wide, unlikely versatility: from a â€Å"palm-tree† to an â€Å"oak† tree, and a â€Å"deer† to a â€Å"lioness†.In addition to this, both the Forest of Arden and the Garden of Eden hold religious references, such as when Shakespeare entwines ‘the penalty of Adam† in Duke Senior's first main speech. Shakespeare has used the biblical knowledge of the El izabethan audience to reflect the goodness of the Forest of Arden knowing that people would associate it with the goodness of the Garden of Eden, and thus goodness is found in nature through these references. A central idea used by Shakespeare in his dramatic comedy ‘As You Like It' is that of Fays ‘GreenWorld'. Notably, the ‘Green World' consists of a natural, rural environment where time is forgotten due to the combination of the absence of clocks, and the merging of mythology and reality. Through this, those in the Forest of Arden are theoretically able to enjoy a sense of freedom: the freedom to no longer have to adhere to the expectations of society such as that of status as there is no hierarchy in the forest â€Å"free of public haunt†, the freedom of speech, which in urban society was extremely limited, and the freedom from worry.Due to the absence of surrounding influences such as that of law, the redeem in Arden permits individuals to form opinions for themselves and allows them to expand their capacity of thoughts because there are no longer boundaries or restrictions to this in the forest, and thus wisdom is increased through nature. An example of this can be seen through the character of Duke Senior who has spent a lengthy duration in the forest. This becomes apparent when he states that there is â€Å"goodness in everything'.It is clear that the positive influence of his natural surroundings has enabled him to forget the weight of the heavy negativity in society and he focuses instead on the oddness of the world. It is nature that has inspired him to do this, showing that nature holds much goodness and increases wisdom dramatically. Previously in Act 1 it was suggested that an education is required in order to hold the goodness of a gentleman. Oliver shows signs of confusion about how his brother possesses such a trait despite his poor education â€Å"never schooled†.It is a common expectation that teaching and sc hooling are required to gain an education. Duke Senior however, offers an alternative interpretation in Act 2 when he makes it clear that the Forest of Arden revised a spiritual education and emphasizes that people do not need the formality of urban schooling to be ‘good': â€Å"books in the running brooks† People such as Oliver and Duke Frederick, who have both been educated in urban society and yet been made by Shakespeare to be the villains of the play show that education does not necessarily increase the ‘goodness' of an individual.Characters introduced in Arden such as the shepherds however, who have not been formally educated and yet are extremely good natured, emphasize the goodness of rural society and nature. The good nature of the shepherds s seen first when Silvia expresses his love towards Phoebe â€Å"love so heartily† and remains kind despite the fact the love is unrequited. This is seen secondly when Coring wishes â€Å"peace† to the n ewcomers â€Å"to you, gentle sir, and to you all. † This suggests that perhaps Shakespeare, bred in a semi-rural environment, may be indicating this as a personal belief.Imperfections in nature are highlighted when Duke Senior speaks of the death of the deer which â€Å"from the hunters aim had eaten a hurt†, and the negative â€Å"icy fang' of winter, which connotes that nature is not entirely good. Also despite being in Arden, a timeless place with no hierarchy, Touchstone brings both of these elements into the forest when Jacques speaks of his conversation with him â€Å"It is ten o'clock† and when he informs the shepherds that he and his company are their â€Å"betters†.Overall I believe that Shakespeare does wish to portray nature with a larger amount of wisdom and goodness and less corruption then society. He does this by using various techniques including structure, language and character influences. He deliberately focuses Act 1 entirely on town life in socio and Act 2 primarily on the rural, natural setting of the Forest of Arden.

Cultural Diversity and Its Effect on Mnc’s Essay

These days cultural diversity plays a significant role in a company. The criteria discriminating these groups include race, geographic basis, civilization, gender, age, functional or educational background, physical and cognitive competence, language, lifestyles, beliefs, cultural background, economic category, occupancy with the organization and sexual preference. As a MNC works in a global market it must be ready to detect all possible changes in the global environment and it has to be able to communicate and adapt the identity of the company to them. For example in India women’s will not work for night so they have to manage time for their convenience. The company can’t offer quality products or services to the customers if it doesn’t understand and take in account the impact that the culture has in all the processes. Workers usually think that their behavior hasn’t got any influence on the final product or service, but to be effective, every part must have a clear vision of the company and a clear mission on it. The social, political and enterprise structure depends on everyone in the company, so the internal area and the human resources, one of the most important areas of a company, must be developed with the rest of the company to achieve their goals. The misunderstanding and ignoring of different cultures, language and historical background lead to disasters in the field of setting up multinational business. To avoid this, a general knowledge of another nation’s culture and history is essential. So general cultural knowledge, if coupled with prejudice and prejudgment, is an obstacle to effective global management. 2.1 Communication and language barriers One main challenge under culture is language barriers. Communication is necessary for management. Yet communication relies upon a common language, a condition that does not exist in many global business situations and that is when the problems start. The most pronounced sign of the language barrier at work can be found in the relationship between a multinational parent company and its network of global subsidiaries. Several factors contribute to the difficulty of achieving and sustaining effective communications and a productive, collaborative relationship. Even if an employee is relatively competent in the language of the other party, loss of rhetorical skills is always present as the use of humor, symbolism, sensitivity, negotiation, persuasion and motivation requires a very high level of fluency. 2.2 Attitudes towards Appointments and Deadlines In America, Americans were give strict obedience to time commitments and it was a basic principle of professionalism and polite behavior. Because everything tends to be strictly scheduled, postponements in one appointment or deadline can have a serious ripple effect on a coworker or customer’s other work commitments. But for example: The more flexible and open-ended approach to time of Indian and Sri Lankan businesses culture can create tensions and adverse impressions on American counterparts 3. MNC Workforce Diversity Multinational Companies (MNC) had to face a number of new challenges in their daily business over the past couple of years. Globalization changed various things for global players. In general MNC structure shows a focus on their main resources and departments like finance, technology, marketing, sales and production, because they want to have a large number of customers and to earn profit. A huge challenge MNC have to manage is their workforce diversity. The milestone research by Hofstede with 116,000 recruits of IBM, a giant MNC in 50 countries and 3 regions recognized four cultural values in the workplace: Individualism-collectivism, Power difference, Uncertainty avoidance and masculinity-femininity. For example: the United States was the greatest and Guatemala was lowest in individualism. Malaysia was the highest and Austria was the lowest in the power distance values. Greece was the highest and Singapore was the lowest in the uncertainty avoidance values. Japan was the highest an d Sweden was the lowest in the masculinity values. There have been significant amount of intercultural and cross-cultural studies with these cultural values, and some studies demonstrated the relationship between communication styles with some of these values. Because of this diversity one of the key success factors of MNC is the recruitment and selection of human resources who offer valuable uniqueness. These individuals are forming the values and beliefs of a business. There are two key challenges within global HRM specifically building global corporate cultures and developing global leaders that have to be mastered in order to manage diversity and be successful in the global business surroundings. Managing diversity in MNC during HRM To manage workforce diversity in MNC it’s a challenge for the human resource management to set up a global corporate culture. To recognize with the corporate culture of the company is the most significant thing for the workforce. That is why building a global corporate culture is one of the most important challenges for Multinational Companies. Employee behavior is possibly the most critical challenge that multinational organizations have to deal with. In Multinational Companies there is a huge potential of conflicts, because of its diverse personalities. As a result of this anxieties will arise among employees. Individuals try to adapt their behaviors to fit the demands of a particular environment. In order to adapt to the environment, individuals sacrifice their individualities to fit in with their new cooperatives. Individuals become incorporated into the culture of an organization when they are successfully understood into the workplace. Successful cultural adaptation redu ces members’ anxiety, role conflict, and intentions to leave. Additionally, successful adaptation increases organizational obligation, job satisfaction, confidence, and job familiarity as well as successful acculturation and establishment of relationship. 4. Challenges of Working across Culture 4.1Stereotyping They are usually misrepresentations and inaccuracies fixed in false guesses and faulty analysis. Usually this valuation is seen in a negative perspective. The challenges to organizations are to acknowledge differences in positive terms. Power struggles and can be the result of stereotyping in organizations. For example, placing women, who stereotypically have had lower status than men in society; in senior management positions create status incongruence in the minds of many of the people. This can root complexities in the leader/subordinate relationship and can root power differences in a business. This is done in such a way that affiliates of minority groups may find it hard to use influence over decision processes in the organization. 4.2 Ethnocentrism Ethnocentrism results when managers identify the differences in cultures – but have a propensity to think that their culture and their way of doing things is the right way, their way of doing things is the only way and the best way. Any difference from their culture or from their way of doing things is seen as â€Å"distortion† or as a â€Å"mistake† or as â€Å"Wrong way†. Most people have the propensity to pursue ethnocentrism. Americans, Japanese, Chinese, Germans, French, Scandinavians, and Russians are more prone to ethnocentrism than other cultures – when compared to other Asians, Latin Americans, British, Australians, Africans and Indians. 4.3Informal Integration Informal groups play a significant role in any business. They influence both the success of the business and the career success of individuals. Total quality plans depend heavily on employee contribution and informal networks can greatly impact this process. Informal groups are influenced by factors such as common language, perceived social similarity, and ethnocentrism. These collective networks are critical for communication in organizations. It has been found that race has a major effect on collective networking. This is not astonishing as you would expect people to have a preference for interaction with members of one’s own culture group, especially in an informal context. 4.4 Parochial Attitude Parochial attitude refers to a person’s incapability to see cultural diversity. This is exactly the reverse of ethnocentrism. Managers who are sent overseas frequently meet people who are also dressed in suits and speak their language – this prompts them to disregard all other cultural differences and make them feel that all others are â€Å"just like us†. In today’s business globe, most people are apt to dress similarly – in suits or other formulas and talk in English, but this does not indicate that all people have the same culture – but people often only see the surface and think that the other person shares the same cultural values. Managers from US/UK often tend to display a strong parochial attitude – mainly because the people with whom they relate on regular basis can speak English and are dressed similarly in suits or western dresses.

The Emancipation of Slaves essays

The Emancipation of Slaves essays Slavery was a struggle for over ten million African Americans during the seventeenth century. Hundreds of groups and individual abolitionists attempted to overthrow slavery, enduring what they had to and willing to accept any consequences in order to get their points across. Through the numerous groups, countless movements were started, laws were issued, and all types of propaganda and literature were sprawled about the country. Slavery may have ended in 1865 but the legacy was carried on until the time of the Civil Rights Movement in the nineteen hundreds and traces are still evident in America today. Through many years of struggling and turmoil the abolitionists, especially William Lloyd Garrison, managed to emancipate slaves and to end slavery. The most influential and well-known abolitionist is the great William Lloyd Garrison. Garrison was born in Newburyport, Massachusetts in 1805 (William Lloyd Garrison 329). Garrison at age twenty-two heard another famous abolitionist, Benjamin Lundy; give a speech on the abolition of slaves. Garrison was deeply inspired by Lundy and began preaching against slavery and joined Lundy in his quest. Garrison became the junior editor of The Genius of Universal Emancipation which was owned by Lundy (Aptheker 3). Garrison attempted to convince people that immediate and complete emancipation was necessary (William Lloyd Garrison 329). A slave trader by the name of Francis Todd filed suit against Garrison for writing about him. Garrison had said how terribly Todd treated his slaves. On April 3, 1830, a jury found Garrison guilty within fifteen minutes for this had taken place in the South where slavery was deemed a necessity and a way of life. The jury sentenced him to a one-hundred dollar fine or six months in jail. Garrison, not having enough money to bail himself out and refusing to accept money from several supporters, proudly entered the Baltimore Public Jail. Garri...

[WATCH] How to use yoga principles to find your career path

[WATCH] How to use yoga principles to find your career path If you find yourself overwhelmed by your professional life, or even life in general, you’re not alone. Rebecca Foon, co-founder of the international climate change advocacy group, Pathway to Paris, sat down with Daily Fuel at Carnegie Hall in New York City. Â  There she discussed all she learned in her 20’s regarding the pressure we tend to put on ourselves for immediate results and immediate answers, and how self-destructive that approach can so often be.Listen to Rebecca share what she’s since learned; that taking a step back, and taking a deep breath, and letting life come to us and sort itself out can indeed be the pathway to fulfillment.Source: [DailyFuel]

A Primer on Arc Elasticity

A Primer on Arc Elasticity One of the problems with the standard formulas for elasticity that are in many freshman texts is the elasticity figure you come up with is different depending on what you use as the start point and what you use as the endpoint. An example will help illustrate this. When we looked at Price Elasticity of Demand, we calculated the price elasticity of demand when the price went from $9 to $10 and demand went from 150 to 110 was 2.4005. But what if we calculated what the price elasticity of demand when we started at $10 and went to $9? So wed have: Price(OLD)10Price(NEW)9QDemand(OLD)110QDemand(NEW)150 First wed calculate the percentage change in quantity demanded: [QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / QDemand(OLD) By filling in the values we wrote down, we get: [150 - 110] / 110 (40/110) 0.3636 (Again we leave this in decimal form) Then wed calculate the percentage change in price: [Price(NEW) - Price(OLD)] / Price(OLD) By filling in the values we wrote down, we get: [9 - 10] / 10 (-1/10) -0.1 We then use these figures to calculate the price-elasticity of demand: PEoD (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Price) We can now fill in the two percentages in this equation using the figures we calculated earlier. PEoD (0.3636)/(-0.1) -3.636 When calculating a price elasticity, we drop the negative sign, so our final value is 3.636. Obviously, 3.6 is a lot different from 2.4, so we see that this way of measuring price elasticity is quite sensitive to which of your two points you choose as your new point, and which you choose as your old point. Arc elasticities are a way of removing this problem. When calculating Arc Elasticities, the basic relationships stay the same. So when were calculating Price Elasticity of Demand we still use the basic formula: PEoD (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Price) However, how we calculate the percentage changes differ. Before when we calculated Price Elasticity of Demand, Price Elasticity of Supply,  Income Elasticity of Demand, or Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand wed calculate the percentage change in Quantity Demand the following way: [QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / QDemand(OLD) To calculate an arc-elasticity, we use the following formula: [[QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / [QDemand(OLD) QDemand(NEW)]]*2 This formula takes an average of the old quantity demanded and the new quantity demanded on the denominator. By doing so, we will get the same answer (in absolute terms) by choosing $9 as old and $10 as new, as we would choosing $10 as old and $9 as new. When we use arc elasticities we do not need to worry about which point is the starting point and which point is the ending point. This benefit comes at the cost of a more difficult calculation. If we take the example with: Price(OLD)9Price(NEW)10QDemand(OLD)150QDemand(NEW)110 We will get a percentage change of: [[QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / [QDemand(OLD) QDemand(NEW)]]*2 [[110 - 150] / [150 110]]*2 [[-40]/[260]]*2 -0.1538 * 2 -0.3707 So we get a percentage change of -0.3707 (or -37% in percentage terms). If we swap the old and new values for old and new, the denominator will be the same, but we will get 40 in the numerator instead, giving us an answer of the 0.3707. When we calculate the percentage change in price, we will get the same values except one will be positive and the other negative. When we calculate our final answer, we will see that the elasticities will be the same and have the same sign. To conclude this piece, Ill include the formulas so you can calculate the arc versions of price elasticity of demand, price elasticity of supply, income elasticity, and cross-price demand elasticity. We recommend calculating each of the measures using the step-by-step fashion we detail in the previous articles. New Formulas: Arc Price Elasticity of Demand PEoD (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Price) (% Change in Quantity Demanded) [[QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / [QDemand(OLD) QDemand(NEW)]] *2] (% Change in Price) [[Price(NEW) - Price(OLD)] / [Price(OLD) Price(NEW)]] *2] New Formulas: Arc Price Elasticity of Supply PEoS (% Change in Quantity Supplied)/(% Change in Price) (% Change in Quantity Supplied) [[QSupply(NEW) - QSupply(OLD)] / [QSupply(OLD) QSupply(NEW)]] *2] (% Change in Price) [[Price(NEW) - Price(OLD)] / [Price(OLD) Price(NEW)]] *2] New Formulas: Arc Income Elasticity of Demand PEoD (% Change in Quantity Demanded)/(% Change in Income) (% Change in Quantity Demanded) [[QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / [QDemand(OLD) QDemand(NEW)]] *2] (% Change in Income) [[Income(NEW) - Income(OLD)] / [Income(OLD) Income(NEW)]] *2] New Formulas: Arc Cross-Price Elasticity of Demand of Good X PEoD (% Change in Quantity Demanded of X)/(% Change in Price of Y) (% Change in Quantity Demanded) [[QDemand(NEW) - QDemand(OLD)] / [QDemand(OLD) QDemand(NEW)]] *2] (% Change in Price) [[Price(NEW) - Price(OLD)] / [Price(OLD) Price(NEW)]] *2] Notes and Conclusion So now you can calculate elasticity using a simple formula as well as using the arc formula. In a future article, we will look at using calculus to compute elasticities. If youd like to ask a question about the elasticities, microeconomics, macroeconomics or any other topic or comment on this story, please use the feedback form.

Project Management Processes in Organizations Essay

Project Management Processes in Organizations - Essay Example And even if stored in some physical or conceptual storage area, what processes, procedures and techniques should be applied on them and what does the management want out of it? The answer to the previous section query is in this section i.e. implementation of a CRM i.e. Customer Relationship Management System. Once such a system is implemented, all the data collected from any and every source can be stored and analysed to form strategies, policies and plan of actions. For this purpose, it would be a better option to have an expert of the field being hired who takes care of everything i.e. from selection of the system to the final implementation and maintenance. This would not pressurize the IT department by any means and work would be done in a highly professional environment by some good experts of the industry. It is important to note that end-user involvement is extremely crucial for such applications development and testing and prototyping are the tools that assist these operations so it should be binding on the vendor to ensure maximum end-user involvement in the process. Not long ago, I was working in a super market that was running along with its good will and customer service. The thing that attracted most of the customer was the fact that the owners used to roam around in the shop, taking opinions, first hand complaints from the customer and having a 1-to-1 relation with them. The business goal was to have satisfied customer and thus, generating marketing through word-of-mouth, and giving the customers an experience of shopping that they never had before. With the advancements of e-commerce, the super market developed an online shopping web site, which seemingly looked like going against the business goals because due to online shopping, people won’t come for interactive shopping where its easier to interact and take feedbacks for improvements, and even at times offer good discounts and

Anatomy, Physiology & Disease Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Anatomy, Physiology & Disease - Assignment Example A good example of communicable disease that poses a huge threat to public health include HIV/AIDS. This disease is easy to diagnose; the most common diagnosis is through blood tests. In essence, testing is done in order to identify the presence of antibodies created in the body in an effort to fight the HIV (Holland, Olsen and Florey, 2007). It is worth noting that the disease is caused by a virus known as Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Some of the signs and symptoms of HIV/AIDS according to Hall, Hall and Cockerell (2011) include weight loss, diarrhea, coughing, dermatitis, herpes, TB, unrelenting wounds, and abscesses. Prevention of HIV/AIDS depends on the mode of transmission. It can be transmitted through sexual intercourse, blood transfusion, and transmission from a pregnant mother to the unborn child. Prevention of the disease in relation to sexual transmission is achieved through the use of condoms and sex education. Blood ought to be screened thoroughly before transfusion to detect the presence of the disease. Pregnant mothers also ought to be tested and subsequent treatment given in case of presence of the disease (Ramaiah, 2008). Antiretroviral drugs are used to treat the disease. These drugs are taken on a daily basis in a bid to minimize the amount of the HIV virus in the body (Ramaiah, 2008). There are also post-exposure prophylaxis medications that are used for emergency treatments when an individual has been exposed to the virus (Hall, Hall and Cockerell, 2011). There is however no known cure for the disease. These medication are only used to reduce the amount of HIV in the body in order to allow the body fight infections. Epidemiological studies have proved that HIV is transmitted through three routes namely sexual transmission, exposure to contaminated blood, and mother to child transmission. The

Benchmark progress towards sustainability Essay - 1

Benchmark progress towards sustainability - Essay Example It also implies involving as many individuals from the society as possible. For a corporate, a sustainable vision means monitoring the impact of its production, manufacturing and other operations on society and environment. Considering the future as well as molding the business strategy for greater good of the society can be regarded as an ideal sustainable stance (DeSimone & Popoff, 2000). With increasing globalization and urbanization, the environment is affected adversely and depletion of natural resources is beyond measures. Harmful carbon emissions, global warming and pollution are only few of the adversities. It is also known that if these environmental hazards are not taken care off now, then it will prove detrimental to our future generations, making their life more difficult compared to the present scenario. Sony is a multinational corporation headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. The company was founded in the year 1946 (Sony, 2014a). Sony deals with products such as, consumer electronics, video games, entertainment and media, semiconductors, telecom equipments and computer hardware. Apart from these, the company is also involved in financial services, credit finance, banking and insurance. The company even has an advertising agency under its umbrella. At present, the company is on the ninth position with Panasonic in the â€Å"Greenpeace Guide to Greener Electronics.† (Greenpeace, 2012). According to this guide, electronics companies are graded on the basis of their efforts towards preserving environment. Samsung is a multinational conglomerate headquartered in Seoul, South Korea. The company was founded in the year 1938 (Samsung, 2014a). After starting off as a trading firm, Samsung diversified into numerous areas such as, textiles, food processing, retail, securities and insurance. Late 1960s saw Samsung’s entry into electronics (Samsung, 2014b). Presently, the company is into

Immigration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Immigration - Essay Example Nevertheless, the political and social significance of immigration goes clear of numbers as immigration engrosses populace, and not just the factors of production but also the dreams, hopes, frustrations, human interests and plans. As such, immigrants are n active force that drives the novel international realities both in their host countries and their native countries. In actual fact, immigration has turned out to be a key force that shapes global reality. Immigration is a dominant force with regard to both cultural and social interaction and change in the host nations. It offers the immigrants considerable opportunities to enable them to progress. Immigration is also an issue that has significantly dissimilar developmental impacts on both the native and host nations. The worldwide population has, therefore, recognized the aforementioned facts in their considerations on immigration and as a consequence has acknowledged the requirement to set up a more rational political rejoinder t o the trend. This paper is, therefore, written with the objective of bringing out the differences in immigration patterns between the United States of America and other countries across the globe. In doing so, the paper will look at aspects such as the difference in immigration policies between the USA and other countries and also the differences in opportunities offered to immigrants in USA and other countries. Immigration in the USA and Canada One of the notable differences between the national policies on immigration between Canada and the United States of America is that while Canada has been actively involved in soliciting for immigrants for several years, the United States of America has put up several restrictions aimed at limiting immigration into the country Dalmia. Dalmia further observes that the Canadian public has consistently shown support for immigration as was seen in a poll whose outcome indicated that only a third of Canadians considered immigration as a problem an d not an opportunity. This was far much lower than all the nations that had been surveyed. However, the Canadians showed concern on â€Å"brain wastage† and making sure that alien credential were accurately acknowledged and recompensed in the job markets. In concurrence with the above statement, Dalmia acknowledges that unlike the United States that only elects natives to leadership and political positions, Canada offers immigrants opportunities in both political and leadership positions. For instance, during the 2011 parliamentary elections, approximately 11 percent of all the individuals elected to the Canadian parliament were immigrants. He further maintains that this is not a coincidence as just about 20 percent of Canadians are immigrants. On the other hand, the United States of America limits immigrants from participating in elections and holding political offices. That is, the policies do not allow immigrants to vote or vie political offices such as congress, presidenc y and senate. In observing the difference of opinions on immigrations between Canadians and Americans, Dalmia noted that there are two key reasons as per why Canadians are tolerant to immigration while

Business & Society ( Ethics & Stakeholder management) Essay

Business & Society ( Ethics & Stakeholder management) - Essay Example A.2: A CEO has to lead by example and John Mackey must be aware of this basic ethical tenet. Else, he would neither have taken the trouble to hide his identity nor chosen the Yahoo! Finance Stock Forum, to air his messages. Yet he persisted with this deception in spite of knowing the implications of his activity. The loss of prestige in the event of his being found out probably did not bother him too much. I would qualify his attitude as being ‘indifferent’ in setting high ethical standards for his company. A.3: A firm’s image is the sum total of its products and social responsibilities. Firms go to great lengths to reinforce their positive images in fields such as corporate governance, social responsibility, environmental compliance etc., in order to attract various stakeholders – employees, suppliers, consumers, investors and regulatory authorities. John Mackey’s activities are definitely harmful for the future of Whole Foods. The specific example of the difficulties faced in its attempts to acquire Wild Oats can be seen A.1: The reality of the situation (or, ‘what is’) is that my boss used official resources for his personal purpose, however insignificant it may be. This was not a one time, inadvertent practice, but indulged periodically with the full knowledge of himself and his subordinates. The normative (or, ‘what ought to be’) behavior demands that personal works are not carried out at the expense of the business. A.2: The boss’s practice is not ethical. He is trying to justify his action by rationalizing. Neither his length of service with the company nor the limit put by himself on the maximum postage at 60 cents, offer any justification for his conduct. If this issue is ignored, one has to answer the logical ends up to which such behavior can be accepted as ethical, in an infinite number of situations. A.3: If his argument of low pay being compensated by his unauthorized use of company resources

Rhetoric of Dissent Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rhetoric of Dissent - Article Example According to the report  the freedom of speech extends to offering protection to maintain parks or camps, as Reisman points out. This can be illustrated by 1st Amendment law precedence. In 1984, a U.S. Supreme Court in Washington ruled on Clark v. Community Creative Non-Violence case in which the Community Creative Non-Violence,   a protester movement petitioned for the right to sleep in National Mall overnight as a way of calling attention of the government to the homeless. The Supreme Court held that sleeping is a form of speech, which deserved constitutional protection. The view of the court was that like other forms of communication, expressions through sleeping in parks have potential social value.This discussion declares that public sphere simply refers to social arenas where individuals come together, exchange their different opinions regarding public affairs, discuss and form a specific public opinion. An arena can be a specific place or location such as town hall meeting , or   a communication infrastructure in which people send and receive information and opinions. Public sphere presupposes freedom of speech and of assembly, a free press, and the right to freely participate in political debate and decision making.   Thus, As Habermas, explains, public sphere is one of the most important aspects of good governance. A functioning and democratic public sphere gives citizens a chance to assert influence over political decisions, and government officials can be held accountable for their actions.... The Supreme Court held that sleeping is a form of speech, which deserved constitutional protection. The view of the court was that like other forms of communication, expressions through sleeping in parks have potential social value (Tedford & Herbeck, 2005). In another case in 2000, which was held in federal court in New York, the judge ruled that the tenants’ advocacy group had a right to sleep on sidewalks overnight to protest against proposed increases in rent for rent-stabilized apartments. The judge ruled that sleeping on sideways is a form of expression, and constitutes speech. Thus, OWS camps constitute speech and should be allowed on this basis. However, the right may be denied in cases where the camps are located in private locations (Ax, 2011). For instance, the federal court denied permission to a union that sought to stage a rally Lincoln Center Plaza in New York in 2000. The verdict described the space as having been historically used primarily for artistic purpos es, and thus could not be used by the public as it was limited property. OWS Zuccotti Park is located in a privately owned space, which must be open to public all times. The fact that the park is privately owned denies OWS absolute right over the space, and the public may be evicted if the owner decides to do so (Ax, 2011). Question 2 Public sphere Public sphere simply refers to social arenas where individuals come together, exchange their different opinions regarding public affairs, discuss and form a specific public opinion (The World Bank, n,d). An arena can be a specific place or location such as town hall meeting, or a communication infrastructure in which people send and receive information and opinions. Public sphere presupposes freedom of speech

Business & Society ( Ethics & Stakeholder management) Essay

Business & Society ( Ethics & Stakeholder management) - Essay Example A.2: A CEO has to lead by example and John Mackey must be aware of this basic ethical tenet. Else, he would neither have taken the trouble to hide his identity nor chosen the Yahoo! Finance Stock Forum, to air his messages. Yet he persisted with this deception in spite of knowing the implications of his activity. The loss of prestige in the event of his being found out probably did not bother him too much. I would qualify his attitude as being ‘indifferent’ in setting high ethical standards for his company. A.3: A firm’s image is the sum total of its products and social responsibilities. Firms go to great lengths to reinforce their positive images in fields such as corporate governance, social responsibility, environmental compliance etc., in order to attract various stakeholders – employees, suppliers, consumers, investors and regulatory authorities. John Mackey’s activities are definitely harmful for the future of Whole Foods. The specific example of the difficulties faced in its attempts to acquire Wild Oats can be seen A.1: The reality of the situation (or, ‘what is’) is that my boss used official resources for his personal purpose, however insignificant it may be. This was not a one time, inadvertent practice, but indulged periodically with the full knowledge of himself and his subordinates. The normative (or, ‘what ought to be’) behavior demands that personal works are not carried out at the expense of the business. A.2: The boss’s practice is not ethical. He is trying to justify his action by rationalizing. Neither his length of service with the company nor the limit put by himself on the maximum postage at 60 cents, offer any justification for his conduct. If this issue is ignored, one has to answer the logical ends up to which such behavior can be accepted as ethical, in an infinite number of situations. A.3: If his argument of low pay being compensated by his unauthorized use of company resources

Is Qatar Economy Favorable for Capital Investment Essay

Is Qatar Economy Favorable for Capital Investment - Essay Example Oil and Gas are potential products and the two products cover half of the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The country earns substantial revenues from exporting oil and gas to many countries of the world. The country is progressing for many years due to increasing prices of oil and gas in the international market. Oil and gas are the tools that have provided high per capita income in the country. The country has a low rate of unemployment that indicates the strong economic position of the country. The country has nearly 25 billion barrels of oil and around 25 trillion cubic meters gas reserves that could be utilized by the country for more than 57 years in future. Qatar economy is represented as a stable economy due to its cautious macroeconomic management and natural resources (Qatar Economy Profile 2014, 2014). The country has practiced tight fiscal policy in the period of 2002-2008 when revenues were mainly generated from oil and gas products. The new projects of Qatar are indicating high growth in the economy such as Qatar’s metro system, light rail system and changing the infrastructure of the country in near future. The country has inflation so to control it the country adopts tight monetary and fiscal policy. The country has an advantage of a low unemployment rate that indicates that tight economic policies are preferred by the country to reduce inflation and retain its economic growth. It is expected that the budget of 2014-2015 will be surplus of 24 billion dollars because of high prices of oil. The monetary and fiscal management is practiced by the government on account of the country’s current economic position (Nafi, 2014). Oil and gas cover approximately half of the GDP of the economy. The energy resources that contribute over 50 percent of the total GDP are potential resources of the economy that will p0rovid much revenue in future.  

The Impact of Digital TV on audiences and TV companies Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Digital TV on audiences and TV companies Essay Fifty years ago, TV was the new thing that would enhance our lives. Even up to this day, we still captivate ourselves to this evolving culture which has had such an impact to us. Just imagine if one of the worlds greatest events would not have been shown in TV (imagine people across America not watching the twin towers fall-what impact would it have on other people?). But these recent times, the advent of Digital Television is another step towards the progression of television itself. It opens a whole window of possibilities- more channels, more choices, better interactivity. Even the television companies itself will be given a new challenge by introducing this new technology to its current and future customers. It is up to them however to find the gap in the market to gain full advantage of Digital TV. When there is progression, so will be regression. Digital TV will not just catch on and be the next best thing instantly. There will be some people who will oppose to the idea and the companies will try and fight over viewing rights of channels. A recent Ofcom report said more than 60% of UK households now receive digital TV. With a digital switchover planned to take place from 2008-2012, should the government say yay or nay? Let us imagine ourselves when the digital switchover has taken place. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? First off, let us discuss the advantages of digital TV. It has a great appeal to the majority of people. Even though the cost of gaining access to one is still expensive experts say that the price of present digital subscriptions and hardware will drop dramatically after a few years. However, the cheapest free view set-top-box presently is as low as à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½25.00. Another advantage is that digital TV could allow the audience to pause record their programmes without the use of tapes. It is also said to be quicker and simpler process than the old VCR. In line with digital TV, the actual television set is changing. There are now ones that are called HDTV (high definition TV). This technology coupled with digital TV provides us with high quality video and sound that is dramatically noticeable. In more simple terms, pictures and sound will have more consistency and less interference. Digital TV has also embraced the convergence of interactivity. Extra information and interactive features now accompany most programmes. Compared to analogue TVs teletext, digital TVs interactivity takes it to a new level. It is more user-friendly and makes the viewer more involved. There is even an electronic programme guide which gives you far more information about programmes content. This hands-on approach is what makes digital TV unique. Of course, these advantages over the audiences equate to the benefits that companies and the government get. At the moment, there are 3 main ways to go digital: Satellite (SKY, Canal +, RAI, etc.), Cable (NTL and Telewest) and Freeview. At the moment, Satellite access is ahead in terms of market share with 7.1 million subscribers (Sky subscribers), followed by 3.9 million homes supplied by freeview and 2.5 million subscribers get their digital TV through cable. These statistics suggest that competition is fierce at the moment. It said up to 1.5 million boxes had been sold in the lead-up to Christmas, with 190,000 sold in each of the two weeks before the holidays. There might be fierce competition, but this is deemed to be a healthy competition. There will be a time when existing sales are starting to tail off. The introduction of the switch off will be a seizing opportunity for them to increase their sales. These opportunities are enhanced services-which adds value to a subscription (or in the case of freeviews, a sharp increase in set-top boxes and HDTVs-which is already happening). Recently, Sky has recently offered a new free satellite service called Sky FreeSat. It allows access to 140 non-subscription channels for a one-off fee. Even the likes of BBC and ITV are to launch a free-to-view satellite TV service to cater for viewers unable to receive Freeview digital coverage-and to rival the monopoly that Sky has. Also, in line with the HDTV technology, the BBC aims to produce 100% HD programmes by 2010. The government will also have some advantages over the switch off. When all the analogue signals have been switched off, those signals could be sold to telephone, communications or aerospace companies to make use of the cleaned up space. The countrys image is also on the line. It essentially propels the country into the digital age in order to gain a more competitive advantage. Furthermore, there are more opportunities for a better efficiency of the operation of government services reducing costs and keeping down taxes. I have used the word majority because there are people who are not in full favour of digital TV. There are also drawbacks for the companies and the government. Digital is an all or nothing technology. The pictures are either crystal clear or absent. In heavy rain or snow an analogue signal might give a grainy but watchable picture. Digital signals are more robust and will tolerate a high level of interference but, when conditions become too bad, both the picture and the sound will vanish. In addition, because all the work is done by an internal computer, it sometimes makes mistakes and the picture can disappear in a maze of coloured squares or simply freeze on the screen. However, this trade off between pictures which might always be grainy and crystal-clear pictures which occasionally disappear will be preferable to most people. Digital provides just one channel from the set top box at a time (the same as existing satellite TV receivers). You cant watch one digital channel and record another unless you: 1. Have more than one set top box 2. Keep your existing analogue satellite receiver 3. Continue to use analogue terrestrial TV (as long as the transmissions last about 5 10 years is anticipated) In a survey, when asked to identify the disadvantages of digital television, a third (32%) state that it is too expensive, 9% that you have to pay for a subscription, and 8% that there are too many channels and choice. Also, the 40% who do not have digital television yet will discover that the present cost of service is not attainable in their opinion. Of course, without the funding that the BBC get from the TV license lowered, they would obviously look to increase the cost threefold. The increase in the number of channels isnt without disadvantages. For viewers, the absence of original programming can lead to a feeling of nothing being on across hundreds of channels. Event programmes are also under threat; virtually gone are the days when 30 million people tuned into the same programme. For channel owners selling advertising time is increasingly difficult. Niche broadcasters may be advantageous in terms of reaching a specific target audience but many have official audience shares of 0%. There was even a study made by Dr Jeremy Klein claiming that Millions of people are not using digital TV because they find it too confusing. He says that Elderly and short-sighted people find it laborious and demanding changing channels. It is said that two million people are affected by this problem. As a result, the elderly and people with low-income will be put off with this news. They feel that it will be better to stick with the old and what they are used to. Companies are also having trouble with the changes.

Why We Should Read Great Literature :: Literature Essays Literary Criticism

Why We Should Read Great Literature In Western culture, many literary works have been set apart from the rest by being termed great literature. What qualifies a work to be great literature, and why should we read it? An excellent source on this topic is Mortimer Adler, one of the premier American philosophers of the twentieth century and founder of the famous Great Books List. According to Adler, all great literature meets three criteria: the work is pertinent to contemporary life, is worth rereading, and contains "great ideas." Six of these "great ideas," defined by Adler, are three great ideas by which we judge--truth, goodness, and beauty--and three great ideas by which we live--equality, liberty, and justice. The ideas of justice, responsibilities of a society, responsibilities of the individual, nature of disobedience, and the oppression of people are all great ideas by which we live. All writers must possess strength if they are to faithfully address these great ideas. According to Anne Perez, in "Experiences of the Great Books," the great writers "dared to be creative in societies that were not always receptive to such courage." Great literature is relevant to human problems in every century, not just twentieth-century problems or problems exclusive to the time in which the work was written. In other words, great literature has stood the test of time. It still influences our beliefs and ideas, shaping our civilization. A great literary work must also have complexities. According to Adler, a great book has many meanings. This explains why all great literature is worth rereading. A good book with no more than one meaning need only be read once. In addition to Adler's criteria, great literature addresses two important issues: what is truth and how do we know it? Each work, writes Perez, has vastly different "truths" ranging from aspects of art, to matters of religion, to types of government. What each writer must do is convince his or her audience that s/he has found some way to determine truth. In conclusion, great literature has the following characteristics: it is relevant to contemporary life, it is worth rereading, and it should contain certain great ideas.

My Philosophy Statement Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teaching Essa

My Philosophy Statement Coming from a family of educators, I have always been aware of the love and importance of learning. Growing up I thought I wanted to be a Marine Biologist and was even accepted at Coastal Carolina to study this field. After much deliberation, I realized that what I really wanted to do was teach. In high school, I had the opportunity to work with children through the Eagle’s Nest Club and my Spanish class and knew this is what I wanted to do. My opportunities through these two organizations gave me experience with elementary students. This is what I have chosen to do. I plan to pursue a degree in elementary education and add certification for pre-k and special education. Again, coming from parents of educators, I know how important education is and I also know how important it is to consider the individual child and the baggage they bring with them. Some students come to school with a background that has provided plenty of stimulus and are ready to learn. Others come with terrible childhood and family histories and struggle to survive, much less have the pre-readiness skills to learn. My goal is to teach early childhood students and make my classroom a place where all children, those from impoverished and abusive homes to those with well to do and stable homes, have the same stimulation and opportunity to learn. Even though my goal is to teach early childhood, my degree will be through K-8. Consid...

Dressed All in Pink Essay

Literary Ballad A literary ballad is a poem written by a specific author. These ballads are not set to music. An example of a literary ballad would be Dudley Randall’s ballad â€Å"Dressed All In Pink† Dressed All In Pink by Dudley Randall It was a wet and cloudy day when the prince took his last ride. The prince rode with the gonernor, and his princess rode beside. â€Å"And would you like to ride inside for shelter from the rain? † â€Å"No I’ll ride outside, where I can wave and speak to my friends again. † They ride among the cheering crowds, he young prince and his mate. The governor says, â€Å"See how they smile and cheer you where they wait. † The prince rides with the governor, his princess rides beside, dressed all in pink as delicate as roses of a bride. Pink as a rose the princess rides, but bullets from a gun turn that pink to as deep a red as red, red blood can run, for she bends to where the prince lies still and cradles his shattered head, and there that pink so delicate is stained a deep, deep red. the princess rides beside, and her dress of pink so delicate deep, deep red is dyed. Jackie Kennedy is the princess -iambic tetrameter -rhyming scheme: abcb -the dress symbolizes the country itself falling from grace -colour imagery of pink as roses and red as blood -princess is described in colour -â€Å"dyed† at the end has a double meaning -dress is said to be as pink as roses but roses are also a deep shade of red, but the dress is not referred to a rose when it is covered in blood -Pink is the colour of innocence and it turni ng red is significant in displaying the loss of innocence

John dewey v rudolf steiner

A comparison on two theorists John Dewey – Rudolf Steiner There are many theories and philosophies that have come and gone some which are still widely used today. Each human being has a mind of their own and it is because of some individuals that we are able to learn progress and teach in so many different ways. Comparing different methods, teachings, theories and ideas allows our mind to reason and understand more than Just our own point of view. In child development there Is so much to learn, each child is unique and because of this uniqueness we an not only have one pattern of teaching for every child.Every child needs to have the opportunity to succeed and progress to the best of their personal ability. I would like to compare two very intellectual and profound individuals who have expanded the minds of many people. John Dewey, a believer In Pragmatism and progressivism. HIS view was that you would develop and learn by using the mind to think and to physically do. To prepa re and enter society well equipped, mentally and physically. † I see the aim of education as the development f the Individual to function as part of a society and to contribute to the on going formation of that society' John Dewey was born In Vermont USA In 1859.He was mainly known to people about his views and philosophies on the educational system. He however shared his views about many other topics such as ethics, social theories, metaphysics and more. At the end of the nineteenth century in the United States of America a new philosophical movement started which they called Pragmatism. This was to Join intellectuals who had views, opinions and philosophical theories. The professors who suggested theories needed sufficient credibility and practicality without this they would be rejected.John Dewey played a big role In this movement whilst also publishing his work in books and sharing his theories in many different places including universities. His thoughts on the educationa l system and child's development really began to excel once he founded the University Laboratory School which became the â€Å"Dewey School†. This is where he taught his students to have an active mind, to become educational thinkers. He believed strongly In the process of growth and high principles of mental activity. Little did he know that his theories would continue to this day.John Dewey did not believe in the rigid regimentation of the educational system which was in place and believed that each individual learner would exceed their personal best not by force but more by example, by experiencing and doing. Perfecting one self's growth and being part of a system that saw school as a social community. John Dewey believed that good' education should have a purpose In society and each Individual. John Dewey stresses the Idea that the quality as a member of society. â€Å"The belief that all genuine education comes about through experience does not mean that all experiences are genuinely or equally educative. Rudolf Steiner however did not see eye to eye with John Dewey on every level. They both had a deep passion for the wellbeing and development of human beings yet had different views on how to reach that successful stage in life. Rudolf Steiner, of Austrian origin was born in Croatia 1861. Being raised in a ‘natural' countryside environment allowed him from the early age of 8 to reason in his mind about the endless possibilities the human mind can have, reaching a level of spirituality from young.He is known today as the ‘Philosopher of Freedom' he wanted to educate himself and others more on spirituality and the freedom in learning and developing. Rudolf Steiner envisioned the spiritual world as being as real as the physical world we live in. He devoted his life in search of answers, he started his quest by studying Science and Philosophy in Vienna. After years of study and personal growth the answers became clear to him that he had fo und a spiritual path which was to be called Anthropology. He believed that this would lead the spiritual in the human being to the spiritual in the universe. There is nothing more important for life, even for material life, than the strong and sure realization of communion with the spiritual world. † Rudolf Steiner was a strong believer in the ‘Natural' and ‘Holistic' development in a child. Each phase of a child's development needed nurturing, enriching and supporting, therefore, he believed that there should be three essential takes in a child's development. Each stage lasting about 7 years, he put a lot of emphasis on the fact that not one stage should be shortened because of a set curricular expectation.He believed if each individual developed at their own pace gradually learning every important life skill they would become well educated adults. His method of teaching was never to reach statistical highs but to reach personal growth. Each child would be taught and treated as an individual, with different levels and development speeds. The three phases are 0-7 which is seen as the ‘early holding' phase, the second phase 7-14 which is the ‘heart of the childhood' and last but not least the 14-21 which would be the ‘adolescence' phase.Each phase needs specific teaching and Rudolf Steiner made sure that there was a strong harmony in his teaching methods. This would be through artistic expression, dance (rhythmic), singing, play and many other forms of creativity. His teaching methods were not for the minority, this was a method he believed would be great for all of mankind. The spiritual harmony and togetherness he encouraged within schools would be inefficiency to every child, regardless of academic ability, class, ethnicity or religion.We shouldn't ask â€Å"What does a person need to be able to do in order to fit into the existing social order today? † Instead we should ask â€Å"what lives in each human being and what can be developed in him or her? † ‘ As I said in the beginning, each individual has a mind of their own. The most beautiful conclusion for me is that philosophers have pushed their mental ability to find and explain questions and doubts a lot of us have but cannot answer. I have found some truth and sense in answer but we can strive to expand our knowledge.Both John Dewey and Rudolf Steiner made it their mission in life to educate themselves and educate us. I believe that each person can relate and understand both their theories to an extent, however, we have the freedom of choice. I personally prefer Rudolf Steiner, I attended his schools during all of my primary school years and his method of teaching I would never dispute. The personal, structured learning strategies Rudolf Steiner implemented are in my opinion the most natural way to educate a young person.

Marketing Strategies for the New Economy Essay

Past paper: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the new economy for marketers (60%). How might companies develop a new economy strategy for their products or services (40%)? Illustrate your answer with examples. * Does every company need a new-economy strategy * Definition: new economy means the industries that stimulate the development or play an important role in electronic commerce and the internet, market computer hardware and software, and provide any of growing arrays of telecommunications services. E.g. dot-com retailers—Amazon, web portals—Google and Yahoo! * The growing adoption of new-economy technologies in consumer and commercial sectors illustrates the importance of an internet strategy. E.g. high-speed broadband connection is revolutionizing the possibilities of what the internet can offer, in U.S. 2010, more than 70% households wanted to be broadband connected, compared to 31% in 2004. * The growing market acceptance of the internet and other new-economy technologies and the inherent advantages that they bring suggest that nearly every company needs to examine how it will be affected by and can take advantage of these new technologies. * Forms of e-commerce: B2B (Cisco) C2B (Priceline/ www.elance.com) B2C (Amazon) C2C(eBay) * E business models: Bricks and Mortar only; Bricks and back up clicks; Bricks and clicks and clicks only. * Threats or opportunities? (seven attractive elements) 1) The syndication of information (lies at the heart of e-commerce business models) * Syndication involves the sales of the same good (information good) to many customers, who may then combine it with information from other sources and distribute it. * Why syndication is important: a) Syndication delivers informational goods, variable cost of which is zero. b) Syndication process can be automated and digitized, enabling syndicated networks to be created, expanded, and flexibly adapted far more quickly than physical goods. * Syndication via the internet opens up endless opportunities for markets, replacing scarcity with abundance,  processing the information timely and can be distributed everywhere. * However, companies should identify and occupy the most important niches in syndication networks, which can maximize the number and strength of links to other companies and customers. 2) Increasing returns to scale of network products * Positive network effect (network externality): the characteristic of informational networks—a product becomes more valuable as the number of users increases. * Companies that can identify and exploit opportunities where they benefit from the increasing returns to scale that result from positive network effects can sometimes grow quickly on relatively modest capital investment. * Though some companies received lofty valuations, most are struggling to find a business model that actually makes any money. 3) The ability to efficiently personalize * Rules-based personalization: collaborative filtering is one way of personalizing a market offering to each customer, when formal rules can be identifies in the way customer behave, it is done. 4) customize market offerings * Customization technique: is user-driven instead of marketer-driven, allowing users to specify the nature of what is offered to them. * Personalization and customization can be help build customer loyalty and make it less likely that customers may switch to other suppliers. 5) Disintermediation and restructuring of distribution channels * The internet makes the distribution channels possible for marketers to reach customers directly, without expenses or complication of distribution channels (disintermediation). * Those who consider disintermediation their channels and selling direct must determine how they will perform these functions and must evaluate whether doing so is more effective and efficient than using intermediaries. * Web-based disintermediation has grown to fill new needs. E.g. eBay→ creates new type of intermediary, the consignment seller. * Other new intermediaries: aggregators and affiliate schemes. E.g. Kayak.com, a travel aggregator (seems like æ  ºÃ§ ¨â€¹Ã§ ½â€˜Ã¯ ¼Å'assist customers in finding the best deal among hundreds of sites.) The aggregator sites can  focus on improving the technologies that allow customers to find exactly what they want, and publishers can specialize in promotion and attracting customers, since they are not involved in managing the product that the customer is actually buying. 6) Global reach, round-the-clock access * Global reach, making them available 24 hours per day, providing instantaneous delivery. E.g. EasyJet airline, sells low price tickets of flight, allowing customers from different continent confirm the deal instantly at any time. With mobile telephony and GPS technologies develop, such deals can be done via mobiles. 7) The threats of new-economy and defenses * Raise complex ethical issues and present potentially significant threats * For most products, price usually is not far from variable cost in the long run, syndication implies that the variable of delivery of informational goods approach zero, then what about the price, how do the producers make money? * There are few barriers to entry and many internet strategies are easily imitated. * Privacy and security issues. * Two best defenses against these advantages: one is through the patent and copyright system. The other one is through versioning. Shapiro and Varian argue that even for information products whose variable costs are zero, the value of information to different kinds of customers is likely to vary substantially. * Versioning dimensions: time, convenience, comprehensiveness, manipulation, community and support * Skills in market segmentation and targeting, differentiation and positioning are needed to enable marketers to best take advantages of new-economy technologies and mitigate their disadvantages. * Developing a new-economy strategy: a decision framework * Steps for building marketing strategies for new-economy * Assess the nature of environment * Audit environmental influences (using PEST) * Identify competitive position (strengths and weaknesses via a vis competitors and customers) * Identify key opportunities and threats * Strategic position * Marketing segmentation, targeting and positioning * Identify bases for segmenting the market * Develop profiles of resulting segments * Develop measures of segment attractiveness * Select target markets * Developing positioning for each target segment * Develop marketing mix for each target segment * Marketing applications for new-economy tools * A six-stage consumer experience process: a) Consumer insights: consumer provides information about their need to sellers, which permits producers to develop goods and services intended to meet the customers’ needs. b) Promotion and brand building: information about the new product flows to customers to inform and encourage them to buy c) Transaction: requires that information about pricing, terms, delivery flows both ways. d) Product delivery e) Customer support or service: in which case additional information may flow in either direction or additional goods and services may flow to the customers. f) Return, dispose: the customer may need to return or discontinue use of the good and service. * Impact of e-marketing on marketing strategy * Power shift in supply chain (producers and retailers→ consumers) * More comparative information available to consumers. E.g. Amazon.com → leads to higher purchasing power * Increase nature and scope of competition in many industries * Impact of e-marketing on offerings * Atom based: Still a physical product that needs to be shipped. * Bit based: Digital data or information in electronic form. E.g. MP3 Implications: Online customer has greater information, wider search, online recommendations and price comparisons; competitive strategy must seek to avoid price competition and use web to augment the offering * Developing strategies to serve new-economy markets * What might tomorrow’s entrepreneurs do to craft marketing strategies to  serve new-economy markets? a) Would-be internet entrepreneurs should consider the various ways in which revenue can be generated on the web or in other new-economy settings. Understanding one’s revenue model and being willing to change it as market and technological conditions warrant are essential. b) Entrepreneurs must ask not what can I sell but what do new-economy customers and markets need, and how and where do new-economy consumers want to consume what I have to offer. c) Would-be entrepreneurs must realize that barriers to entry are incredibly low in the new economy. Conclusion: execution is key and understanding customers and the markets they make up, understanding industries and the competitors that daily do battle in them, and developing marketing programs that can establish and maintain sustainable competitive advantage.

The Detrimental affects of the internet on young minds Research Proposal

The Detrimental affects of the internet on young minds - Research Proposal Example Many young people, having grown up with online friends, seem to have lost the ability to discern the difference between real and virtual. What kind of effect would this have on their real-world relationships? The prevalence of real-time role-playing games shared with friends over the always-on internet connection blurs this boundary between the real world environment and the imagined world to an even greater degree. What effect would this have on a young person’s concepts of the real? How would the combined effects of warped real-world relationships and warped concepts of real-world environment function to shape the young person’s perception of life or development of a world-view? As this field is a relatively new one, it is imagined that there is not a lot of research available yet on these topics. The present research is thus designed to discover if these types of negative effects of internet use are truly manifest within this first generation. Rather than attempting to lead the research with these questions specifically in mind, the goal of the present investigation will be to explore the central question of what are the detrimental effects of the internet on young minds as identified by professionals and as recognized by young people? To gain answers to the research question, a search of available literature on the topic will be conducted. The purpose of starting with the literature review is to understand what has been written on the topic already and to determine whether previous research supports my hypotheses regarding the detrimental effects of the internet on a young person’s mind. From this vantage point, the next stage of the research will be to develop a survey to distribute among professional psychologists and counselors who work on a regular basis with young people and a survey to distribute among young people.

Life and Works of Burrhus Frederic Skinner Research Paper

Life and Works of Burrhus Frederic Skinner - Research Paper Example His father was a lawyer and his mother stayed at home. Perceptibly, he grew up in an intellectual and conventional household. As a youth, he was described to have difficulties in being socially accepted. One unfortunate event that happened in his life is when his brother died due to cerebral hemorrhage. Unlike any other usual adolescent, he did not actually like participating in the usual college social gatherings. Instead, he was more focused on critiquing authorities. He mainly did this through his journalism. Moreover, he proclaimed himself as a person who does not believe in God in spite of the fact that he was studying in a religiously devout school. After finishing his bachelor’s degree in English Literature, he decided that he would be a writer. He then worked for a newspaper in New York. He did not really become actualized in his first career. Skinner got inspired by the works of Ivan Pavlov and James Watson. Afterwards, he went back to school and got his masters and d octorate in psychology at Harvard. He got married with Yvonne Blue in 1936 and they had two daughters. He then worked at Indiana University’s psychology department. In 1948, his career went back to Harvard until his death in 1990. Works Skinner is known as a psychologist, author, educator, and philosopher. He published many books and journals regarding his theories. He devoted much of his life improving his researches. Lots of his experiments centered on measuring responses to various kinds of stimuli. Until his retirement, he worked on analyzing the human behavior. Skinner became famous for the air crib. It was also known as the baby tender. One of his daughters was raised using this invention. The contraption was made to alleviate Yvonne’s difficulties and worries in caring for their baby. It was fashioned with glass panels as well as with air conditioning. The air crib was invented with the aim to promote the general welfare of infants. In 1994, Skinner was inspired to make this invention when he found out that he would have a second child. In fact, the air crib was commercialized and marketed to around 300 families. It was found to be effective in soothing children and in manipulating the temperature especially during extreme weather. Furthermore, he became known for his book, Walden II. It is about a society run by behavioristic rules (Skinner, 1974). His book talks much about his theory which is called operant conditioning. This simply means that a behavior is affected by the response to that certain behavior. For instance, a child would tend to be obedient when his mother gives him candy as a reward. To concretely illustrate this concept, he devised an experiment. He utilized a special cage well-known as a â€Å"Skinner Box† (Shultz, 2012). It is otherwise called the operant conditioning box. The container has a lever that makes food pellet come out when pressed. The pellet acted as a reinforcing stimulus. When the rat accidentally pushed the bar and food came out, it repeated its behavior. Since the rat got rewarded for pressing the lever, he repeated the same action with the expectancy of having another positive feedback. After some time, the rat kept on pressing the lever until a number of pellets were piled. However, when no food pellet will come out, the rat will learn that its behavior does not result to a reward. Hence, it will learn to stop pushing the lever. Skinner termed this as extinction. Consequently, the rat’s first behavior will resurface if the reward would be returned. In addition, the schedules of reinforcement affect the learning of behavior. In his many experiments, the time and interval of giving rewards influence the rat’

Questions and Answers Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Questions and Answers - Case Study Example The leaders were Jeffrey Skilling, former Enron President and CEO, Kenneth Lay, CEO and Andrew Fastow, Ex-Chief Financial Officer. 2. How did leadership influence the organizational culture at Enron? Jeffrey Skilling and Andrew Fastow were instrumental in changing the organizational culture of Enron. They gave the perception that Enron was very innovative and very profitable. Enron has a dysfunctional corporate culture which was obsessed with short-term earnings so that the bonuses will be maximized. The employees began looking at high volume deals even if it meant disregarding the quality of the cash flows and profits. The employees’ actions were reflective of their leaders’ values and beliefs. Extravagant spending was common among its executives. The excessive stock options and corporate compensation gave Enron’s executives too many incentives to manipulate the financial accounts and the stock price of the company. Corporate values and principles seemed to disa ppear at Enron at the time of their leadership. 3. Did the performance evaluation system at Enron support or undermine the company’s business goals and leadership beliefs? Yes, the performance evaluation system at the time of Skilling supported the company’s business goals and leadership beliefs.

Metropolitan Police in Security Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Metropolitan Police in Security - Essay Example The Metropolitan police service has several identities linked to their current jobs. The identities include the amount of confidential data used, bunches, the emails and other police based identities. Therefore there is need to embrace modern technologies which will see them satisfy their requirements (CONANT & MOLZ, 2002). The requirement includes proper authorization of documents and information and adequate authentication of all information used in daily activities. Fuel-based authentication of the document will ensure that all information within the websites or Occurrence Book can be accessed countrywide from a single source. This means that different authorities can rely on single source security center for information. Currently, the modern technologies, which can be relied on, include. RSA based authentication Management system where authentication based software is used by the police unit to manage all security-based tokens, users, applications and multiple resources. The sys tem has instrumentally helped in managing authentically based policies for the whole police unit. The system can also help the Metropolitan Police Service unit to meet flexibility, scalability and high level of efficiency. In most companies and especially the security-based organization such as G4S, the system has been found to be highly secure in protecting encryption of the information collected about cases and criminals. In addition to that, it has been argued that it is highly effective given that it applies the Novell based electronic directory. Moreover, it has been recently improved to have the Oracle directory services.

Mahatma Gandhi Worldview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mahatma Gandhi Worldview - Essay Example This paper, therefore, compares and contrasts Gandhi’s worldview about the nature of God, social issues and family with my own experience and worldview in the same. Gandhi became a role model to many people through his faith, in truth and justice, for all humankind. His faith, in religion, made him love those who opposed his ideals to bring about peace with non-violence (Damm, January 2011). His teachings on religion were transparent as most of it can be attested to those of the Bible despite his focusing on meekness and humility, which is rather a rare case for any society. Gandhi emphasize on making peace† an eye for an eye would cost us all our eyes† as he stated (Damm, January 2011), but through my worldview, I feel that conflict is brought about by self-interest, proving the point that there exist no ideal human society where everyone thinks and acts the same level for each other. According to Gandhi, people should take the responsibility to care about the poo r, and not refuse to take part, in oppressive practices, but also to fight domination whenever we see it (Damm, January 2011). Gandhi was a moral path of action since he believed in national independence, political and economic freedom of individuals and self-rule. Gandhi tries to explain the nature of God, in the human soul or life, and how God and man relate to explain the nature of God and family experiences. For instance, he believes that human suffering can be explained through assessing their relationships with God. He also believed that one should serve humanity, especially the poor and the downtrodden (Jahanbegloo, 1996). In this context, I agree with Gandhi that we should always care about the poor, in the society, just as nurses do. As an atheist, I strongly believe that humankind do not have any relationship with God. Therefore, it is every person’s duty to take care of one another, including the poor, without perceiving that their suffering is linked to some super natural being. Gandhi also shows how God should be intellectualized and linked with one dense theory of man. It is the basic contention of the present research endeavor that Gandhi’s greatest political ideas were like echo, and their reflections were simple and characterized by western positioning, which fail to some extent to escalate the true essence of Gandhi’s political ideas (Jahanbegloo, 1996). His ideas are firmly rooted, in the traditions, but are so modern in the spirit. According to my perception, Gandhi is not a meager theorist, but he an applied experimentalist, who tried to apply his ideas in the political arena. I also feel that those regarding Gandhi as their role models are those people who strongly believe in some supernatural power. This is because Gandhi’s greatness lies not only in his saintly and holy living, but also in his epic brawls and actions (Jahanbegloo, 1996). The success of every step of his struggle was attributed to God. In most cases, politicians and atheists, like I, are not generally reputed to take religion and God seriously, for the values, to which they are committed such as the political control of one individual or another, the economic exploitation and economic liberty of the poorer and weaker human being. These values are clearly incompatible with the value of religion that the latter could not be taken too seriously or